ラテンアメリカ・セミナー

15:00 - 16:00

論題

Early-Life Exposure to Land Reform and Children's Health: Evidence from Land Reform in Cuba

報告者

橋口　義彦（アジア経済研究所地域研究センター／神戸大学大学院経済学研究科博士課程後期課程）

概要

Despite the potential for land reform to improve children's health through nutrition intake, there is little evidence of its effectiveness. Cuba implemented a land reform in 2012 to increase agricultural production, similar with land reforms in other transitional countries. Leveraging the variation of land reform's diffusion in Cuba, we evaluate the impacts of land reform in 2012 on children's physical development. Our results show that prenatal exposure to land reform improves children's birthweight. We also find rural-specific effects of postnatal exposure on children's weight and height. Furthermore, we find that postnatal exposure is a key driver of health improvements among children, particularly those in more vulnerable populations. These findings imply that even though land reform in Cuba is a restricted form compared to those in other countries have positive impacts on children's health. Moreover, considering the limited distribution system in Cuba, the land reform demonstrates substantial positive impacts on children's health after birth, with these benefits being more pronounced in rural areas characterized by higher agricultural intensity.

16:00 - 16:45

論題

Effects of Global Value Chains Position and Participation on Skilled Labor Wage Share in Chile: Evidence from Plant-Level Panel Data

報告者

村上　善道（神戸大学経済経営研究所）

概要

Along with increased international fragmentation of production processes, a literature has emerged to analyze the impacts of global value chains (GVCs) position and participation on wage inequality. However, studies that analyze the impacts using firm- or plant-level panel data in a specific emerging country are particularly rare. Therefore, employing exogenous industry-level variations in which a plant operates, this study empirically analyzes whether upstream position and participation in GVCs are associated with decreasing skilled labor wage share in Chile, which is well-integrated into GVCs and its position in GVCs is relatively upstream. By matching industry-level panel data, including the position and participation in GVCs, to plant-level panel data, this study constructs a unique dataset for the period from 1995 to 2006. We find that the upstream position and participation in GVCs are expectedly associated with decreasing skilled workers' wage share, indicating that upstream activities are related to unskilled intensive tasks. However, in very limited number of highly technological intensive plants, the upstream position in GVCs is associated with increasing the skilled workers' wage share.

16:45 - 17:15

討論者

今井　克（Department of Economics, University of Manchester）

Day 2: August 29, 2025

14:30 - 15:45

論題

Shocks and the Dynamics of Multi-and Single-Dimensional Poverty and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Thailand Vietnam Socio Economic Panel (TVSEP) Data

報告者

今井　克（Department of Economics, University of Manchester）

15:45 - 17:00

論題

Gender Wage Gap in Rural Bangladesh: Assessing Sticky Floor or Glass Ceiling Phenomenon and its Determinants

報告者

村上　善道（神戸大学経済経営研究所）
Yasmin Nur NAHAR ( Department of Management, University of Dhaka)

概要

This paper empirically examines the determinants of the gender wage gap across the wage distribution in rural Bangladesh, applying the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to the unconditional quantile regression approach. Using panel data from three rounds (2011–12, 2015, and 2019) of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey, this study controls for both household-level unobserved heterogeneity and selection bias in rural wage employment. Results reveal that the gender wage gap is most pronounced at the lower end of the distribution, providing strong evidence of the sticky floor phenomenon. We find that wage structure effect of education significantly contributes to narrowing the disparities at both lower and upper quantiles, while that of non-agricultural employment contributes to narrowing the disparities at the lower quantiles. Notably, as education is associated with a higher probability of wage employment for females, the wage structure effect of education becomes stronger after controlling for the selectivity bias, highlighting education’s critical role in enhancing females’ labor market outcomes. The findings suggest that promoting female education and expanding access to non-agricultural employment are key to reducing gender wage gap in rural Bangladesh, although unobservable other factors still account for the larger disparities at the bottom of the distribution.