ラテンアメリカ・セミナー

15:30～16:50

論題

Cracks in the Glass Ceiling and Gender Equality: Do Exports Shatter the Glass Ceiling?

報告者

Lourenço PAZ (Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University)

討論者

村上　善道（神戸大学経済経営研究所）

概要

We use Brazilian administrative employer-employee matched data of worker demographics, industry of affiliation, occupation, and wages to examine whether females in managerial and executive positions (cracks in the glass ceiling) lead to more gender-equal workplace outcomes. We find seemingly counterintuitive empirical results that are broadly consistent with a monopsony model of firm behavior. In response to the large and unanticipated 1999 Brazilian Real exchange rate devaluation, female-led export-oriented firms significantly accelerated the overall hiring of female employees. Over the same time period, male-led firms implemented incremental but sometimes offsetting changes in hiring practices. The male-female wage gap widened in all firms, but less so in male-led firms.

16:50～18:00

論題

The Position in Global Value Chains and Local Sourcing by Foreign Firms: Evidence from Plant-Level Panel Data in Chile

報告者

村上　善道（神戸大学経済経営研究所）

討論者

Lourenço PAZ (Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University)

概要

Previous studies have revealed that local sourcing of intermediate inputs by foreign affiliates from local firms is a major source of positive spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in emerging countries. However, only a few studies analyze the determinants of local sourcing; studies using panel data in a specific country are particularly few. Considered as one of the most successful Latin American countries (LACs) in terms of economic growth and far-reaching economic reforms, Chile has a similarly high level of natural resource-dependence as other LACs and presents an interesting case for analyzing the determinants of local sourcing. Matching industry-level panel data including positioning in global value chains (GVCs) to plant-level panel data, this study constructs a unique dataset for the period 1995 to 2006. Based on this dataset, we analyze the determinants of local sourcing defined as the share of local material inputs in total costs, using a trans-log cost function. We find that foreign affiliates' upstream position in GVCs, defined as the log ratio of an industry's supply of intermediates used in other countries' exports to the use of imported intermediates in its own production, is associated with higher share of local material inputs. Furthermore, the positive effect of upstream position on local linkages is particularly larger in acquired affiliates.