Who Expects the Municipalities to Take the Initiative in Tourism Development? Residents' Attitudes of Amami Oshima Island in Japan Noriko Ishikawa and Mototsugu Fukushige Abstract Regional tourism policies in Japan have been undergoing major structuralchanges. We investigate the extent to which residents of the Amami Islands expect the municipality to take the initiative in implementing or financing tourism development policies. A binary choice approach is used to model individual survey responses in terms of respondents' socioeconomic characteristics. Residents who expect the municipality to promote tourism and industrial development have a significantly different socioeconomic status. Respondents most likely to expect the municipality to take the lead in policy making include executive officers or employees of a private company, the unemployed, the self-employed, or part-time workers. Government employees are not likely to have this expectation. In terms of the funding authority, the likelihood that a resident expects the municipality to take an industrial development initiative increases as the annual income per resident increases.