Title
Global Operations Managed by Japanese and in Japanese
Abstract
Strategy of international business of Japanese manufacturing
companies has drastically changed for the last half century. Export
long occupied central position in the international business strategy.
In 1985 the Plaza Accord was reached and sharp appreciation of
Japanese yen started. And strategic shift from export to foreign
production began in 1986. Recently many companies have overseas
R&D sites. However, when we turn our attention to management
of international business, we observe only subtle change. Foreign
subsidiaries are managed by Japanese expatriates. The Japanese
language plays important role in the communication on important
matters. Global operations are managed by Japanese persons and
in the Japanese language. The non-manufacturing multinationals
share the same characteristics as the manufacturing multinationals.
The Japanese style international management is well suited
to respond to Japanese customers and to transfer technology from Japanese
parent companies to their overseas subsidiaries. However, it has problems.
It is costly and depresses initiatives of local capable staff.
Then, should Japanese multinationals change their international
management in the future ?
The Japanese style international management is based
on Japanese management at parent companies in Japan. It is also based on
cultural factors such as the Japanese language, Japanese persons' attitude
toward foreigners and interpersonal relationship. Thus, to change the management
of international business is more difficult than to change the strategy
of international business.
Hideki YOSHIHARA
Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration
Kobe University
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe
657-8501 Japan
Phone: (81) 78 803 7036
Fax: (81) 78 803 7059